Youth Civic Space in Asia-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities

Figure 1. A protester in Bangkok in October (2022), the sign featuring causes spanning Thailand, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and India (Geem Drake via Getty Images)

The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region is home to over 60% of the world’s youth population, positioning youth as key drivers of social and political change [1]. However, the state of youth civic participation in APAC varies widely across a spectrum. In more democratic countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, and New Zealand, youth councils and leadership programs provide platforms for policy advocacy. In contrast, in countries like China, Vietnam, and Myanmar, young activists face censorship, surveillance, and repression. Yet, even in restrictive environments, youth continue to push boundaries, leveraging digital platforms and grassroots networks to advocate for change.

Across the APAC region, youth-led movements are driving change. In Thailand, the Free Youth Movement has led protests demanding constitutional reforms [2][3]. In Myanmar, young people played a crucial role in the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) to resist the military coup [4]. In Australia and the Pacific Islands, youth are at the forefront of climate action through movements like School Strike for Climate [5]. In Indonesia and the Philippines, groups such as Jaga Rimba and Kalikasan Youth Network fight environmental degradation and corruption. Meanwhile, in South Korea, young voters influence elections by advocating for economic and social reforms [6]. These movements underscore youth resilience and influence, even in the face of government resistance.

Figure 2. Medics and medical students held placards during an anti-regime protest in Naypyitaw in February 2021. / The Irrawaddy

Technology has transformed youth civic engagement, but presents both opportunities and challenges. Social media platforms like X and Facebook have facilitated protests and activism, but some governments use surveillance and censorship to suppress dissent. Platforms like Facebook and TikTok amplify global information sharing, but misinformation distorts narratives and can mislead activists. Online spaces connect activists across borders, fostering global solidarity. Yet the digital divide excludes rural and marginalized youth. Additionally, while online campaigns shape policies, algorithms can suppress political content, reducing its reach.

Education plays a critical role in equipping youth with the knowledge and skills needed for civic engagement. Countries that integrate civic education into curricula help students understand governance, democracy, and activism. For example, in India, the National Youth Parliament provides hands-on political participation experiences. In Hong Kong, universities have historically been hubs of student activism [7]. However, in some APAC countries, discussions on democracy and human rights are restricted by government censorship. Civic education is often neglected, leaving many youth unaware of their rights. In authoritarian regimes, education is sometimes used to suppress dissent rather than encourage engagement [8].

Despite these challenges, opportunities exist to enhance youth participation in the civic space. Leveraging digital tools can help mobilise youth across borders. Government policies like the Philippines’ Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Councils) offer structured participation in governance [9]. International organizations can also support youth-driven reforms and provide safe spaces for engagement. Through technology, education reforms, and supportive policies, youth can continue expanding their civic space.

As the youth population in APAC grows, their role in shaping the region’s future is undeniable. A thriving civic space is essential for sustainable and equitable development. Protecting the rights of youth to engage in civic and political life will is critical as it will determine the APAC region’s trajectory. It is imperative for governments and institutions to foster an environment where youth voices can be heard and valued.

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About the authors: Daniel Lindgren is the Founder of Rapid Asia Co., Ltd., a management consultancy firm based in Bangkok specializing in evaluations for programs, projects, social marketing campaigns, and other social development initiatives. Viet Khue Do works at Rapid Asia as a project assistant intern.

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